Jan �tef�nek

Rok 1945 v Havl��kov� Brod�

Tato pr�ce s n�zvem "Rok 1945 v Havl��kov� Brod�", vyjad�uje obsah ji� sv�m n�zvem. Sna�� se p�isp�t k pozn�n� reality posledn�ho v�le�n�ho roku v tomto okresn�m m�st�, kter� se nach�z� v samotn�m srdci na�� republiky. S pomoc� dostupn�ch materi�l� bylo snahou vytvo�it co nejp�esn�j�� obraz posledn�ho m�s�ce 2. sv�tov� v�lky a tak� prvn�ch t�dn� po jej�m skon�en� v tomto m�st�.

Pr�ce je rozvr�ena do osmi z�kladn�ch kapitol. V prvn� kapitole popisuji, pro� jsem si vybral toto t�ma. Ve druh� kapitole zmi�uji st��pky z bohat� historie tohoto starobyl�ho m�sta a tak� dne�n� pohled na n�j. T�et� kapitola je zam��ena v�ce na ur�it� obdob� a t�mto obdob�m jsou l�ta Protektor�tu �echy a Morava. Je zde pops�n p��jezd okupant�, jejich akce na omezen� svobody lid� a tak� st�le se zhor�uj�c� �ivotn� podm�nky ob�an� m�sta a� do konce T�et� ��e. �tvrt� kapitola je v�nov�na zm�nce o stavu n�meck� arm�dy, kter� se nach�zela na �zem� na�� republiky v roce 1945, d�le se zde zmi�uji o n�meck� leteck� jednotce JG 52, kter� m�la na Havl��k�v (N�meck�) Brod vazbu, nebo� zde str�vila posledn� v�le�n� dny a zaznamenala zde tak� posledn� �sp�chy. V dal�� a nejrozs�hlej�� ��sti t�to kapitoly jsem se zam��il na letce z 2. sv�tov� v�lky, kte�� m�li n�jak� vztah k m�stu. Zmi�uji zde nejen na�e letce, kte�� se narodili v Havl��kov� Brod� a okol� a pozd�ji ode�li bojovat za na�i svobodu do Francie a pot� do Velk� Brit�nie, ale tak� jejich protivn�ky z v��e zm�n�n� JG 52, nebo� i oni bojovali state�n� a ur�it� si zaslou�� na�i vzpom�nku i p�esto, �e bojovali na �patn� stran� fronty. P�t� kapitola je v�nov�na odbojov�m hnut�m, kter� se na Havl��kobrodsku pod�lela na boji proti okupant�m. Odboj je zde rozd�len na nekomunistick�, komunistick�, sokolsk�, hasi�sk�, zdravotnick�, �elezni���sk�, legion��sk� a odboj jednotlivc�. V n�sleduj�c�, �est� kapitole se zmi�uji o odboji partyz�nsk�m, kter� byl aktivn� zejm�na v posledn�ch m�s�c�ch 2. sv�tov� v�lky. Jsou zde zm�n�ny partyz�nsk� skupiny, kter� p�sobily v okol� Havl��kova Brodu a kter� p�isp�ly k por�ce n�meck�ch sil v tomto prostoru. Sedm� kapitola popisuje pr�b�h kv�tnov�ho povst�n� na �ty�ech m�stech okresu. Je tomu tak z toho d�vodu, �e povst�n� nikde neprob�halo stejn� a na t�chto m�stech byly tak diametr�ln� odli�n� podm�nky, �e tyto faktory ovlivnily tak� jeho pr�b�h. Pro toto srovn�n� jsem vybral �ty�i m�sta a sice: Havl��k�v (N�meck�) Brod, Chot�bo�, P�ibyslav a Lede� nad S�zavou. Toto srovn�n� je pak z�kladem t�to pr�ce. Kapitola kon�� p��jezdem osvoboditel� a masov�m �prkem n�meck�ch jednotek. Posledn�, osm� kapitola l��� zm�ny a rekonstrukce v Havl��kov� Brod� v prvn�ch pov�le�n�ch m�s�c�ch, kulturn� �ivot obyvatel m�sta, jejich probl�my a tak� prvn� pov�le�n� politick� uspo��d�n� ve v�borech ve m�st�.

Tato pr�ce se sna�� vystihnout co nejp�esn�ji ud�losti v posledn�m roce v�lky a pov�le�n� �ivot ve m�st�. Proto je posledn�m dv�ma kapitol�m v�nov�na nejv�t�� pozornost a tvo�� j�dro t�to pr�ce.

Vzhledem k tomu, �e ��dn� takov� pr�ce na dan� t�ma neexistuje, m�la by se tato pr�ce pokusit zaplnit toto pr�zdn� m�sto.

 

The Year 1945 in Havl��k�v Brod

This thesis named "Year 1945 in Havl��k�v Brod" expresses the content in its title. It seeks to widen our knowledge of the reality of the last war year in this district town which lies in the very heart of our republic. The author tried to use the available resources to create an exact picture of the last month of the World War II and of the first weeks after its end in this town.

The thesis has been divided into eight basic chapters. In the first chapter I explain why I have chosen this topic. In the second chapter I have mentioned important moments from the rich history of this old town and also today's view of the town. The third chapter concentrates on one specific period which is the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Here is described the arrival of the occupiers and their actions that restrained the liberties and the living conditions of the town's citizens before the end of the Third Empire. The fourth chapter mentions the state of the German army located in Czechoslovakia in the year 1945 and also the German air force unit JG 52, which was linked to Havl��k�v (German) Brod, because it was stationed here during the last days of the war and noted here its last successful actions. In the next and most extensive chapter I have focused on the pilots who were linked to the town. I have mentioned here not only the pilots who were born in Havl��k�v Brod and later went to France and the United Kingdom to fight for our freedom, but also their opponents from the above mentioned unit JG 52, because they also fought bravely and they deserve our remembrance despite the fact that they fought on the wrong side of the front. The fifth chapter is devoted to the resistance movements that fought the occupiers. The resistance is here divided into several groups: non-communists, communists, Sokol, fire-fighters, medics, railway employees, legionnaires and individuals. In the following, fifth, chapter I have mentioned the guerrilla resistance which was active especially during the last months of the World War II. I refer to guerrilla groups that operated in the area of Havl��k�v Brod and contributed to the final defeat of German forces in this region. The seventh chapter describes the May uprising in four places of the Havl��k�v Brod district. This is because the uprising didn't have the same course in all the places and in these locations, the condition were so diametrically different that they also influenced the result. For this comparison, I have chosen four places: Havl��k�v (German) Brod, Chot�bo�, P�ibyslav and Lede� nad S�zavou. This comparison constitutes the basis of the work. The chapter ends with the arrival of the liberators and mass retreat of the German forces. The last chapter describes changes and reconstruction work in Havl��k�v Brod in the first post-war months, social life of its citizens, their problems and also first post-war organization of the committees in the town.

This thesis tries to describe in detail the events of the last year of the war and the post-war life in the town. This is why the last two chapters are the most stressed and they constitute the basis of the work. Regarding the fact that there is no work dealing with this topic, this thesis should try to fill in the empty space.